Covid-19 Sentry

Contents

• From Preprints
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From Preprints

• Investigating the first stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine using epidemiological and genomic data -

  The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in China in December 2019 and has rapidly spread around the globe. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020 just three months after the introduction of the virus. Individual nations have implemented and enforced a variety of social distancing interventions to slow the virus spread, that had different degrees of success. Understanding the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on COVID-19 transmission in different settings is highly important. While most such studies have focused on China, neighboring Asian counties, Western Europe, and North America, there is a scarcity of studies for Eastern Europe. The aim of this study is to contribute to filling this gap by analyzing the characteristics of the first months of the epidemic in Ukraine using agent-based modelling and phylodynamics. Specifically, first we studied the dynamics of COVID-19 incidence and mortality and explored the impact of epidemic NPIs. Our stochastic model suggests, that even a small delay of weeks could have increased the number of cases by up to 50%, with the potential to overwhelm hospital systems. Second, the genomic data analysis suggests that there have been multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into Ukraine during the early stages of the epidemic. Our findings support the conclusion that the implemented travel restrictions may have had limited impact on the epidemic spread. %on the diversity of intra-country viral lineages. Third, the basic reproduction number for the epidemic that has been estimated independently from case counts data and from genomic data suggest sustained intra-country transmissions.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Investigating the first stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine using epidemiological and genomic data
• Accuracy verification of low-cost CO2 concentration measuring devices for general use as a countermeasure against COVID-19 -

  Within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, CO2 sensors that measure ventilation conditions and thereby reduce the risk of airborne infection, are gaining increasing attention. We investigated and verified the accuracy of 12 relatively low-cost sensor models that retail for less than $45 and are advertised as infection control measures on a major e-commerce site. Our results indicate that 25% of the tested sensors can be used to identify trends in CO2 concentration, if correctly calibrated. However, 67% of sensors did not respond to the presence of CO2, which suggests that a type of pseudo-technique is used to display the CO2 concentration. We recommend that these sensors are not suitable for infection prevention purposes. Furthermore, 58% of the investigated sensors showed significant responses to the presence of alcohol. Owing to the widespread use of alcohol in preventing the spread of infectious diseases, sensors that react to alcohol can display inaccurate values, resulting in inappropriate ventilation behavior. Therefore, we strongly recommended that these sensors not be used. Based on our results, we offer practical recommendations to the average consumer, who does not have special measuring equipment, on how to identify inaccurate CO2 sensors.

• Covid-19 Associated Hepatitis in children (CACH) during the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Central India: Is it a complication or transient phenomenon. -

  Background: Besides Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with Multiple Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C). However, a unique presentation of a transient form of hepatitis in pediatric age group occurring subsequent to the asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is yet to be reported in children. Presently the clinical presentation, temporal association and characteristics of the cases of CAHC different than MIS-C, is being reported. Methods: As a retrospective and follow up observational study we reviewed all pediatric patients presenting with acute hepatitis during the study period from April 2021 to mid- June 2021. We observed a sudden rise of features of hepatitis in a group of pediatric patients during the second wave of SARS CoV-2 infections, where children or adolescents developing sudden onset acute hepatitis with no history of pre-existing liver disease or familiar etiology of acute hepatitis. The children had a COVID-19 RT-PCR positivity within 3-6 weeks or a retrospectively proven Covid-19 infection with high titer SARS CoV-2 antibodies. Such subjects had asymptomatic Covid-19 infection, while another group of 8 patients having findings suggestive of MIS-C was observed with protracted and grave presentation, with multiple organ involvement along with Covid-19 diagnosis. Routine lab workup along with viral serology of acute hepatitis was performed in all such patients. These patients were negative for conventional Hepatitis A, B, C and E sero-markers but had high titer of SARS CoV-2 antibodies. Results: Among 33 patients who presented with hepatitis, 25 patients had features of CAHC, they had hepatitis only. These patients did not have any typical Covid-19 symptoms, had normal to borderline inflammatory markers, admitted to general care wards, all recovered on supportive treatment uneventfully. Whereas patients with MIS-C (n=8) required admission to critical care, they had high level of inflammatory markers and 3 (37.5%) had an adverse outcome. Conclusion: With emergence of newer variants of concern including the Delta variant which was responsible for the massive wave of Covid-19 across India, with varied presentations, CAHC is one of them. Such new entities need to be timely identified and differentiated from other types of emerging syndromes in children for appropriate management.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Covid-19 Associated Hepatitis in children (CACH) during the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Central India: Is it a complication or transient phenomenon.
• Modelling, Simulations and Analysis of the First and Second COVID-19 Epidemics in Beijing -

  By 4 July, 2021，there were over 182 million people on infected with COVID-19. It caused more 3.9 million deaths. This paper introduces a symptomatic-asymptomatic-recoverer-dead differential equation model (SARDDE). It gives the conditions of the asymptotical stability on the disease-free equilibrium of SARDDE. It proposes the necessary conditions of disease spreading for the SARDDE. Based on the reported data of the first and the second COVID-19 epidemics in Beijing and simulations, it determines the parameters of SARDDE, respectively. Numerical simulations of SARDDE describe well the outcomes of current symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, recovered symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, and died individuals, respectively. The numerical simulations suggest that both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals cause lesser asymptomatic spread than symptomatic spread; the blocking rates of about 90% and 97% to the symptomatic individuals cannot prevent the spread of the first and second COVID19 epidemics in Beijing, respectively. Virtual simulations suggest that the strict prevention and control strategies implemented by Beijing government are not only very effective but also completely necessary. The numerical simulations suggest also that using the data from the beginning to the days after about two weeks from the turning points can estimate approximately the following outcomes of the two COVID-19 academics, respectively. It is expected that the research can provide better understanding, explaining, and dominating for epidemic spreads, prevention and control measures.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Modelling, Simulations and Analysis of the First and Second COVID-19 Epidemics in Beijing
• Structural Basis and Mode of Action for Two Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Emerging Variants of Concern -
  Emerging variants of concern for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can transmit more efficiently and partially evade protective immune responses, thus necessitating continued refinement of antibody therapies and immunogen design. Here we elucidate the structural basis and mode of action for two potent SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) neutralizing monoclonal antibodies CV3-1 and CV3-25 that remained effective against emerging variants of concern in vitro and in vivo. CV3-1 bound to the (485-GFN-487) loop within the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the RBD- up position and triggered potent shedding of the S1 subunit. In contrast, CV3-25 inhibited membrane fusion by binding to an epitope in the stem helix region of the S2 subunit that is highly conserved among beta-coronaviruses. Thus, vaccine immunogen designs that incorporate the conserved regions in RBD and stem helix region are candidates to elicit pan- coronavirus protective immune responses.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Structural Basis and Mode of Action for Two Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Emerging Variants of Concern
• SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 (beta) variant shows enhanced infectivity in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice and expanded tropism to wildtype mice compared to B.1 variant -
  SARS-CoV-2 variants display enhanced transmissibility and/or immune evasion and can be generated in humans or animals, like minks, thus generating new reservoirs. The continuous surveillance of animal susceptibility to new variants is necessary to predict pandemic evolution. In this study we demonstrate that, compared to the B.1 SARS-CoV-2 variant, K18-hACE2 transgenic mice challenged with the B.1.351 variant displayed a faster progression of infection. Furthermore, we also report that B.1.351 can establish infection in wildtype mice, while B.1 cannot. B.1.351-challenged wildtype mice showed a milder infection than transgenic mice, confirmed by detectable viral loads in oropharyngeal swabs and tissues, lung pathology, immunohistochemistry and serology. In silico models supported these findings by demonstrating that the Spike mutations in B.1.351 resulted in increased affinity for both human and murine ACE2 receptors. Overall, this study highlights the plasticity of SARS-CoV-2 animal susceptibility landscape, which may contribute to viral persistence and expansion.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 (beta) variant shows enhanced infectivity in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice and expanded tropism to wildtype mice compared to B.1 variant
• Structural definition of a pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing epitope on the spike S2 subunit. -
  Three highly pathogenic betacoronaviruses have crossed the species barrier and established human-to-human transmission causing significant morbidity and mortality in the past 20 years. The most current and widespread of these is SARS-CoV-2. The identification of CoVs with zoonotic potential in animal reservoirs suggests that additional outbreaks are likely to occur. Evidence suggests that neutralizing antibodies are important for protection against infection with CoVs. Monoclonal antibodies targeting conserved neutralizing epitopes on diverse CoVs can form the basis for prophylaxis and therapeutic treatments and enable the design of vaccines aimed at providing pan-coronavirus protection. To this end, we previously identified a neutralizing monoclonal antibody, CV3-25 that binds to the SARS- CoV-2 fusion machinery, neutralizes the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant comparably to the ancestral Wuhan Hu-1 strain, cross neutralizes SARS-CoV-1 and displays cross reactive binding to recombinant proteins derived from the spike-ectodomains of HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1. Here, we show that the neutralizing activity of CV3-25 is also maintained against the Alpha, Delta and Gamma variants of concern as well as a SARS-CoV-like bat coronavirus with zoonotic potential by binding to a conserved linear peptide in the stem-helix region on sarbecovirus spikes. A 1.74 angstrom crystal structure of a CV3-25/peptide complex demonstrates that CV3-25 binds to the base of the stem helix at the HR2 boundary to an epitope that is distinct from other stem-helix directed neutralizing mAbs. Thus, CV3-25 defines a novel site of sarbecovirus vulnerability that will inform pan-CoV vaccine development.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Structural definition of a pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing epitope on the spike S2 subunit.
• Protective mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after heterologous systemic RNA-mucosal adenoviral vector immunization -
  Several effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are currently in use, but in the light of waning immunity and the emergence of novel variants, effective boost modalities are needed in order to maintain or even increase immunity. Here we report that intranasal vaccinations with adenovirus 5 and 19a vectored vaccines following a systemic DNA or mRNA priming result in strong systemic and mucosal immunity in mice. In contrast to two intramuscular injections with an mRNA vaccine, the mucosal boost with adenoviral vectors induced high levels of IgA and tissue-resident memory T cells in the respiratory tract. Mucosal neutralization of virus variants of concern was also enhanced by the intranasal boosts. Importantly, priming with mRNA provoked a more comprehensive T cell response consisting of circulating and tissue-resident memory T cells after the boost, while a DNA priming induced mostly mucosal T cells. Concomitantly, the intranasal boost strategies provided protection against symptomatic disease. Therefore, a mucosal booster immunization after mRNA priming is a promising approach to establish mucosal immunity in addition to systemic responses.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Protective mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after heterologous systemic RNA-mucosal adenoviral vector immunization
• Vaccinia virus-based vaccines confer protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus in Syrian hamsters -
  COVID-19 in humans is caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that belongs to the beta family of coronaviruses. SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory illness in 10-15% of infected individuals and mortality in 2-3%. Vaccines are urgently needed to prevent infection and to contain viral spread. Although several mRNA- and adenovirus-based vaccines are highly effective, their dependence on the cold chain transportation makes global vaccination a difficult task. In this context, a stable lyophilized vaccine may present certain advantages. Accordingly, establishing additional vaccine platforms remains vital to tackle SARS-CoV-2 and any future variants that may arise. Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been used to eradicate smallpox disease, and several attenuated viral strains with enhanced safety for human applications have been developed. We have generated two candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on two vaccinia viral strains, MVA and v-NY, that express full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Whereas MVA is growth- restricted in mammalian cells, the v-NY strain is replication-competent. We demonstrate that both candidate recombinant vaccines induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies in C57BL/6 mice vaccinated according to prime-boost regimens. Furthermore, our vaccination regimens generated TH1-biased immune responses in mice. Most importantly, prime-boost vaccination of a Syrian hamster infection model with MVA-S and v-NY-S protected the hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 infection, supporting that these two vaccines are promising candidates for future development. Finally, our vaccination regimens generated neutralizing antibodies that partially cross-neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Vaccinia virus-based vaccines confer protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus in Syrian hamsters
• The timing of natural killer cell response in coronavirus infection: a concise model perspective -
  Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 cause respiratory diseases with remarkably heterogeneous progression. This in part reflects the viral ability to influence the cytokine secretion and thereby the innate immune system. Especially the viral interference of IFN-I signaling and the subsequent deficiency of innate immune response in the early phase have been associated with rapid virus replication and later excessive immune responses. We propose a mathematical framework to analyze IFN-I signaling and its impact on the interaction motif between virus, NK cells and macrophages. The model recapture divergent dynamics of coronavirus infections including the possibility for elevated secretion of IL-6 and IFN-{gamma} as a consequence of exacerbated macrophage activation. Dysfunction of NK cells recruitment increase disease severity by leading to a higher viral load peak, the possibility for excessive macrophage activation, and an elevated risk of the cytokine storm. Thus the model predicts that delayed IFN-I signaling could lead to pathogenicity in the latter stage of an infection. Reversely, in case of strong NK recruitment from infected cells we predict a possible chronic disease state with moderate and potentially oscillating virus/cytokine levels.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: The timing of natural killer cell response in coronavirus infection: a concise model perspective
• The CT Scan Lung Severity Score and Vaccination Status in COVID-19 patients in India: Perspective of an Independent Radiology Practice -

  Background The COVID-19 patients often undergo a high-resolution CT scan to determine extent of their lung involvement. The aim of this study was to determine lung involvement in confirmed/suspected COVID-19 patients (encountered at an independent radiology practice) and its correlation to vaccination status amidst the second COVID-19 wave in India. Methods We retrospectively queried our data since April 2021 to identify adult patients (>17 years) who had confirmed (positive RT-PCR or antigen test) or suspected COVID-19 (classic symptoms but negative RT-PCR) and received a high-resolution CT scan to determine the extent of their lung involvement using the CT severity (CORAD) score. Patients were classified in 3 groups based on their vaccination status to determine its correlation with the CORAD score: fully vaccinated, partially vaccinated, and unvaccinated. Basic descriptive statistics, univariate tests and multivariate linear regression analysis were used. Results We identified 229 patients (median age 45 years, 60% male) of which 205 (89%) had confirmed COVID-19 (positive RT-PCR) and 24 had suspected disease (negative RT-PCT but classic symptoms). Of the 229 patients 29 (13%) had complete vaccination, 38 (17%) had partial vaccination and 162 (70%) had no vaccination. The CT score of the completely vaccinated patients was significantly lower compared to partially or unvaccinated patients (median 0 v. 3.5 v. 10, respectively p<.01). A multivariate linear regression model showed that partial or fully vaccinated patients had lower CT severity score compared to unvaccinated patients (adjusted R squared = 0.47). Conclusion We present here the real-world findings from an independent radiology practice (a unique and common practice model), in India amid the second COVID-19 wave showing significantly lower CT severity score in fully or partially vaccinated patients compared to unvaccinated patients. Complete vaccination in patients could be critical in preventing severe lung disease.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: The CT Scan Lung Severity Score and Vaccination Status in COVID-19 patients in India: Perspective of an Independent Radiology Practice
• COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Lactation: Assessment of adverse effects and transfer of anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies from mother to child -

  Background: Data regarding the rate of adverse effects observed in the lactating mother-infant dyad and their immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination during lactation are needed to inform vaccination guidelines. Methods: From a prospective cohort of 50 lactating individuals who received mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19 (mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2), blood and milk samples were collected prior to first vaccination dose, immediately prior to 2nd dose, and 4-10 weeks after 2nd dose. Symptoms in mother and infant were assessed by detailed questionnaires. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in blood and milk were measured by Pylon 3D automated immunoassay and ELISA, and PEGylated proteins in milk were measured by ELISA. Blood samples were collected from a subset of infants whose mothers received the vaccine during lactation or pregnancy (4-15 weeks after mothers9 2nd dose). Results: No severe maternal or infant adverse effects were reported in this cohort. Two mothers and two infants were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period. Vaccine-related products, PEGylated proteins, were not found at significant levels in milk after vaccination. After vaccination, levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM significantly increased in maternal plasma and there was significant transfer of anti-SARS-CoV-2-Receptor Binding Domain (anti-RBD) IgA and IgG antibodies to milk. Milk IgA levels after 2nd dose were negatively associated with infant age. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were not detected in the plasma of infants whose mothers were vaccinated during lactation. Conclusions: COVID-19 mRNA vaccines generate robust immune responses in plasma and milk of lactating individuals without severe adverse effects reported.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Lactation: Assessment of adverse effects and transfer of anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies from mother to child
• Feeling socially connected and focusing on growth: Relationships with well-being during a major holiday in the COVID-19 pandemic -
  Numerous major holidays celebrate socially gathering in person. However, in major holidays that happened during the pandemic, desires to nurture relationships and maintain holiday traditions often conflicted with physical distancing and other measures to protect against COVID-19. The current research sought to understand well-being during American Thanksgiving in 2020, which happened eight months into the COVID-19 pandemic, after months of physical distancing and stay-at-home orders. American Thanksgiving is a major holiday not limited to any religion. We asked 404 American adults how they spent Thanksgiving Day and to report on their experiences of that day. Predictors of well-being that we drew from self-determination theory were satisfaction of the fundamental needs for social connection (relatedness), for doing what one really wants (autonomy), and for feeling effective (competence). The predictors of well-being that we drew from regulatory focus theory were a focus on growth (promotion), and a focus on security (prevention). We found that feeling socially connected and focusing on growth related most strongly to well-being. Additionally, participants who saw even one other person face-to-face reported significantly higher relatedness satisfaction, promotion focus, and well-being than those who did not. Our research could help construct persuasive messages that encourage nurturing close relationships at major holidays while remaining safe against the virus.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Feeling socially connected and focusing on growth: Relationships with well-being during a major holiday in the COVID-19 pandemic
• An affirmative look at a domesticity in crisis: Women, Humour and Domestic Labour during the COVID-19 Pandemic -
  While an array of newspaper articles have focused on the disasters that the COVID-19 pandemic has brought on women and feminism, very few have considered how this unprecedented global confinement may bring about alternatives to the gendering of the domestic sphere. This issue of Commentary and Criticism has taken up the task of doing just that, through, for example, Jilly Boyce Kay’s suggestion of a communal organisation of life (2020), and The Care Collective’s arguing for a collective responsibility for all aspects of social reproduction, and thus hands-on care, including “community, health and educational infrastructures” (2020). If the importance of domestic labour for the functioning of capitalism has remained invisible to those who wished not to see it in spite of decades of feminism, it has now become impossible to ignore. The 2020 coronavirus pandemic has not only been a health crisis but also a crisis of capitalism and patriarchy.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: An affirmative look at a domesticity in crisis: Women, Humour and Domestic Labour during the COVID-19 Pandemic
• Black fungus or mucormycosis: a cross-sectional knowledge assessment among the Bangladeshi health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic -
  ‘Black fungus’ or ‘Mucormycosis’ is an emerging public health concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. The rise of black fungus cases here in Bangladesh among the COVID-19 infected persons has been raised reasonable alarming conditions among health care workers along with the general people. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate black fungus knowledge of Bangladeshi health care workers aiming the issue could be managed readily by the health care systems. A cross-sectional study was carried out among the Bangladeshi health care workers from May 25, 2021, to June 5, 2021. As COVID-19 restriction existed countrywide, data were collected via a semi-structured online questionnaire by following convenient and snowball sampling methods. The main outcome variable of this study was the black fungus knowledge score; was measured by a six items’ questionnaire. The other studied variables included socio-demographic, workplace, COVID-19, and health-related information of the respondents. The t-test and one-way ANOVA test were performed to investigate the association between the black fungus knowledge score and the studied variables. This study found 422 responses from the health care workers of Bangladesh. Among the respondents, nearly half of them (45.26%) were doctors (n= 191); where the nurses (n=161) were 38.15%, and other health care workers (n=70) were 16.59%. This study found that the black fungus knowledge mean scores of health care workers were significantly associated with seniority (p=0.001), gender (p-value = 0.012), profession (p <0.001), death of friends and family members due to COVID-19 (p=0.049), and, etc. Moreover, the gender, income, job type, and marital status of the respondents were also found to be significantly associated with the mean scores of several items of the black fungus knowledge questionnaire. Proper knowledge of health care workers regarding any emerging public health issues is considered as a sine qua non-indicator of implementing the health care system readily. This study emphasized the black fungus knowledge of the health care workers along with other associated factors. The study’s findings could help the policymakers to mitigate the mucormycosis and other infectious diseases emergencies in the post-COVID-19 situation, where the wave of the pandemic was surging continuously.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Black fungus or mucormycosis: a cross-sectional knowledge assessment among the Bangladeshi health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic

From Clinical Trials

• Echinacea Drug for Covid-19 - Condition:   Covid19
  Intervention:   Drug: ECHINACEA ARKOPHARMA
  Sponsors:  
  Jesús R. Requena;   IDIS;   SALUD;   Laboratoires Arkopharma
  Recruiting

• Phase II/III Study of AZD2816, for the Prevention of COVID-19 in Adults - Conditions:   COVID-19;   SARS-CoV-2
  Interventions:   Biological: AZD1222;   Biological: AZD2816
  Sponsor:   AstraZeneca
  Recruiting

• Clinical Trial For Early SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Treatment - Condition:   Covid19
  Interventions:   Drug: Hydroxychloroquine;   Drug: Favipiravir;   Drug: Favipiravir + Hydroxychloroquine;   Drug: Placebo
  Sponsor:   Health Institutes of Turkey
  Completed

• Effects of Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Post COVID-19 - Condition:   Covid19
  Interventions:   Other: Exercise training group;   Other: Control training group
  Sponsor:   Gazi University
  Completed

• SOLIDARITY Finland Long COVID-19 - Condition:   Covid19
  Intervention:   Drug: Remdesivir
  Sponsors:  
  Clinical Urology and Epidemiology Working Group;   University of Helsinki;   World Health Organization;   Helsinki University Central Hospital;   Hyvinkää Hospital;   Kanta-Häme Central Hospital;   Kuopio University Hospital;   Oulu University Hospital;   Porvoo Hospital;   Seinajoki Central Hospital;   Mikkeli Central Hospital;   Tampere University Hospital
  Recruiting

• ACTIV-5 / Big Effect Trial (BET-C) for the Treatment of COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: Danicopan;   Other: Placebo;   Drug: Remdesivir
  Sponsor:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
  Recruiting

• Efficacy of Canrenone as add-on Treatment in Moderate to Severe ARDS in COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
  Intervention:  
  Drug: Potassium Canrenoate
  Sponsors:   Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico;   University of Milan;   IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna
  Not yet recruiting

• Saliva-based COVID-19 DNA Aptamer Test - Condition:   Covid19
  Intervention:   Device: AptameX
  Sponsors:   Achiko AG;   Udayana University
  Recruiting

• Baricitinib in Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients With Diabetes Mellitus - Condition:   COVID-19 Pneumonia
  Interventions:   Drug: Baricitinib;   Drug: Dexamethasone;   Drug: Remdesivir
  Sponsor:   Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
  Recruiting

• Evaluation of The Efficacy of Triazavirin Versus Oseltamivir in Egyptian Patients Infected With COVID-19 - Condition:   Covid19
  Intervention:   Drug: standard treatment COVID-19 + Triazavirin
  Sponsor:   Ain Shams University
  Recruiting

• The Efficacy of Nigella Sativa Versus VitaminD3 as Supplement Therapy in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - Condition:   Covid19
  Intervention:   Dietary Supplement: Nigella Sativa capsule twice daily
  Sponsor:   Ain Shams University
  Recruiting

• Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Schemes in an Elderly Population - Condition:   COVID-19 Vaccines
  Intervention:   Drug: Gam-COVID-Vac / Gam-COVID-Vac
  Sponsor:   Ministerio de Salud de Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
  Recruiting

• Collaborative Study to Evaluate Heterologous Vaccination Against Covid-19 in Aargentina - Conditions:   COVID-19 VACCINE;   Covid19
  Intervention:   Biological: COVID-19 vaccines
  Sponsor:   Ministry of Public Health, Argentina
  Not yet recruiting

• Effect of Cyproheptadine on Ventilatory Support-free Days in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19 Pneumonia
  Intervention:   Drug: Cyproheptadine
  Sponsor:  
  Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre
  Recruiting

• Intervention to Promote COVID-19 Vaccination - Conditions:   Covid19;   Vaccination
  Intervention:   Behavioral: Health System Vaccination Text Messages
  Sponsors:   University of Massachusetts, Worcester;   National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)
  Not yet recruiting

From PubMed

• Vaccination Against COVID-19 in Patients Treated with Psychotropic Drugs - Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been available in the European Union since December 2020. Persons suffering from mental illness have an increased risk of a severe or fatal course following an infection with SARS-CoV-2. Thus, the question arises to what extent interactions between the newly approved vaccines and psychotropic drugs may be expected. Data on the tolerability and efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 under treatment with psychotropic drugs are not available to date - however,…

• Antidepressants as antiviral drugs? - The aim of this survey paper is to draw attention to the antiviral effects of the antidepressants. Recent experience with CoV-2 infection and difficulties in prevention and therapy of COVID-19 point out the lack of specific antiviral drugs, leading to the use of repurposed drugs. A number of drugs, registered for various disorders for decades including antidepressants were considered in the prevention and treatment of COVID. Preclinical studies verified the antiviral effects of some…

• Differential Interactions Between Human ACE2 and Spike RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It is known that the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, initiating the entry of SARS-CoV-2. Since its emergence, a number of SARS-CoV-2 variants have been reported, and the variants that show high infectivity are classified as the variants of concern…

• Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease Inhibitors through a Combination of High-Throughput Screening and a FlipGFP-Based Reporter Assay - The papain-like protease (PL^(pro)) of SARS-CoV-2 is a validated antiviral drug target. Through a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based high-throughput screening and subsequent lead optimization, we identified several PL^(pro) inhibitors including Jun9-72-2 and Jun9-75-4 with improved enzymatic inhibition and antiviral activity compared to GRL0617, which was reported as a SARS-CoV PL^(pro) inhibitor. Significantly, we developed a cell-based FlipGFP assay that can be applied to predict the…

• CD209L/L-SIGN and CD209/DC-SIGN Act as Receptors for SARS-CoV-2 - As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, investigating the processes underlying the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and its hosts is of high importance. Here, we report the identification of CD209L/L-SIGN and the related protein CD209/DC-SIGN as receptors capable of mediating SARS-CoV-2 entry into human cells. Immunofluorescence staining of human tissues revealed prominent expression of CD209L in the lung and kidney epithelia and endothelia. Multiple biochemical assays using a purified…

• Severe COVID-19 Is Characterized by an Impaired Type I Interferon Response and Elevated Levels of Arginase Producing Granulocytic Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells - COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic in 35% of cases to severe in 20% of patients. Differences in the type and degree of inflammation appear to determine the severity of the disease. Recent reports show an increase in circulating monocytic- myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) in severe COVID 19 that deplete arginine but are not associated with respiratory complications. Our data shows that differences in the type, function and transcriptome of granulocytic-MDSC (G-MDSC) may in part explain the…

• Computational design of SARS-CoV-2 peptide binders with better predicted binding affinities than human ACE2 receptor - SARS-CoV-2 is coronavirus causing COVID-19 pandemic. To enter human cells, receptor binding domain of S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2-RBD) binds to peptidase domain (PD) of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Employing peptides to inhibit binding between SARS-CoV-2-RBD and ACE2-PD is a therapeutic solution for COVID-19. Previous experimental study found that 23-mer peptide (SBP1) bound to SARS-CoV-2-RBD with lower affinity than ACE2. To increase SBP1 affinity, our previous…

• NICEdrug.ch, a workflow for rational drug design and systems-level analysis of drug metabolism - The discovery of a drug requires over a decade of intensive research and financial investments - and still has a high risk of failure. To reduce this burden, we developed the NICEdrug.ch resource, which incorporates 250,000 bioactive molecules, and studied their enzymatic metabolic targets, fate, and toxicity. NICEdrug.ch includes a unique fingerprint that identifies reactive similarities between drug-drug and drug-metabolite pairs. We validated the application, scope, and performance of…

• The TMPRSS2 Inhibitor Nafamostat Reduces SARS-CoV-2 Pulmonary Infection in Mouse Models of COVID-19 - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality on a global scale. The etiologic agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), initiates host cell entry when its spike protein (S) binds to its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In airway epithelia, the spike protein is cleaved by the cell surface protease TMPRSS2, facilitating membrane fusion and entry at the cell surface. This dependence on TMPRSS2 and related…

• Why All the Fury over Furin? - Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 sequence revealed a multibasic furin cleavage site at the S1/S2 boundary of the spike protein distinguishing this virus from SARS-CoV. Furin, the best-characterized member of the mammalian proprotein convertases, is an ubiquitously expressed single pass type 1 transmembrane protein. Cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by furin promotes viral entry into lung cells. While furin knockout is embryonically lethal, its knockout in differentiated somatic cells is not, thus…

• Potential inhibitors of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and modulators of arachidonic acid pathway: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs against COVID-19 - The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the key targets to develop and design antiviral drugs. There is no general agreement on the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in COVID-19. In this study, we investigated NSAIDs as potential inhibitors for chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) and the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 to find out the best candidates, which can act as potent inhibitors against the main protease. We also predicted the effect of NSAIDs on the arachidonic…

• Microstructured Surfaces for Reducing Chances of Fomite Transmission via Virus-Containing Respiratory Droplets - Evaporation-induced particle aggregation in drying droplets is of significant importance in the prevention of pathogen transfer due to the possibility of indirect fomite transmission of the infectious virus particles. In this study, particle aggregation was directionally controlled using contact line dynamics (pinned or slipping) and geometrical gradients on microstructured surfaces by the systematic investigation of the evaporation process on sessile droplets and sprayed microdroplets laden…

• The Development of Nanosota-1 as anti-SARS-CoV-2 nanobody drug candidates - Combating the COVID-19 pandemic requires potent and low-cost therapeutics. We identified a series of single-domain antibodies (i.e., nanobody), Nanosota-1, from a camelid nanobody phage display library. Structural data showed that Nanosota-1 bound to the oft-hidden receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, blocking viral receptor ACE2. The lead drug candidate possessing an Fc tag (Nanosota-1C-Fc) bound to SARS-CoV-2 RBD ~3000 times more tightly than ACE2 did and inhibited…

• Remdesivir for treatment of COVID 19; review of the pharmacological properties, safety and clinical effectiveness - INTRODUCTION: Remdesivir is a nucleoside analog, which inhibits viral RNA replication by blocking RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. First developed and tested during the Ebola epidemic, repurposed, and gained prominence during the Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) pandemic. Based on data from three major trials, remdesivir became the first and only medication to obtain approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat patients hospitalized with COVID 19 disease.

• Serum antibody response to BNT162b2 after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection - CONCLUSIONS: Compared with naïve individuals, seropositives after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection presented with a substantially higher antibody response already after dose 1 of BNT162b2, as measured by two CE-marked in vitro diagnostic tests and a sVNT. These results should stimulate discussion and research on whether individuals after previous SARS-CoV-2 infection would benefit from a two-part vaccination schedule or whether these currently much-needed second doses could be saved.

From Patent Search

• Camellia nitidissima C.W.Chi Caffeine and Chlorogenic acid composition for anti-SARS-CoV-2 and preparation method and application thereof - - link

• A Novel Method COVID -19 infection using Deep Learning Based System - - link

• A SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COVID- 19 DIAGNOSIS USING DETECTION RESULTS FROM CHEST X- RAY IMAGES - - link

• Advanced Machine Learning System combating COVID-19 virus Detection, Spread, Prevention and Medical Assistance. - - link

• 一种包装重组流感病毒的重组载体和重组流感病毒及其构建方法和应用 - 本发明提供了一种包装重组流感病毒的重组载体和重组流感病毒及其构建方法和应用，涉及生物医药技术领域。本发明利用A型流感病毒八个基因片段为骨架包装出带有新型冠状病毒SARS‑CoV‑2表面刺突蛋白受体结合域（SARS‑CoV‑2_RBD）片段的重组流感病毒，此重组流感病毒可在复制过程中表达具有生物学活性和免疫原性的刺突蛋白受体结合区域RBD。本发明所述重组流感病毒rgH1N1（PR8）‑PA‑RBD可作为重组病毒类药物，用于2019新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID‑19）的预防；也可作为体外SARS‑COV‑2 RBD等相关抗原表达和体内递呈系统。 - link

• Differential detection kit for common SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 patients - - link

• 新型冠状病毒B.1.525尼日利亚突变株RBD的基因及其应用 - 本发明属于生物技术领域，具体涉及新型冠状病毒B.1.525尼日利亚突变株RBD的基因及其应用。本发明的新型冠状病毒B.1.525尼日利亚突变株RBD的基因，其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1或SEQ ID NO.6所示。本发明通过优化野生型新型冠状病毒B.1.525尼日利亚突变株RBD的基因序列，并结合筛选确定了相对最佳序列，优化后序列产生的克隆表达效率比野生型新型冠状病毒B.1.525尼日利亚突变株RBD序列表达效率大幅提高，从而，本发明的新型冠状病毒B.1.525尼日利亚突变株RBD的基因可以用于制备新型冠状病毒疫苗。 - link

• 一种新型冠状病毒的mRNA疫苗 - 本发明公开了一种新型冠状病毒的mRNA疫苗。本发明提供的疫苗，其活性成分为mRNA，如序列表的序列6所示。本发明还保护TF‑RBD蛋白，如序列表的序列2所示。本发明的发明人通过一系列序列设计和序列优化得到了特异DNA分子，进一步构建了特异重组质粒，将特异重组质粒进行体外转录，可以得到多聚化TF‑RBD mRNA。进一步的，发明人制备了负载TF‑RBD mRNA的脂质纳米粒。本发明对于新型冠状病毒的防控具有重大的应用推广价值。 - link

• 新型冠状病毒B．1．1．7英国突变株RBD的基因及其应用 - 本发明属于生物技术领域，具体涉及新型冠状病毒B．1．1．7英国突变株RBD的基因及其应用。本发明的新型冠状病毒B．1．1．7英国突变株RBD的基因，其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1或SEQ ID NO.6所示。本发明通过优化野生型新型冠状病毒B．1．1．7英国突变株RBD的基因序列，并结合筛选确定了相对最佳序列，优化后序列产生的克隆表达效率比野生型新型冠状病毒B．1．1．7英国突变株RBD序列表达效率大幅提高，从而，本发明的新型冠状病毒B．1．1．7英国突变株RBD的基因更有利于用于制备新型冠状病毒疫苗。 - link

• SARS-CoV-2 anti-viral therapeutic - - link